Important Geographical Facts

Indian rivers & other names:

Name of the River	Other Name
Indus	Sindhu
Brahmaputra	Dihang
Chenab	Asikini, Chandrabhagha
Jhelum	Vitasta, Hydaspes
Luni	Sagarmati
Beas	Vipasa, Hyphasis
Ravi	Parusni, Airavati
Krishna	Kanhapenna
Kosi	Kausika
Narmada	Namade
Ghaghara	Karnali

Mouths of Rivers of the world

Name of the river	Origin of the river
Nile	Mediterranean Sea
Congo	Atlantic Ocean
Amazon	Atlantic Ocean
Volga	Caspian Sea
Irrawaddy	Andaman Sea
Thames	North Sea
Mekong	South China sea
Indus	Arabian Sea
Danube	Black sea
Rhine	North sea

Names of Cyclones in different countries:

Origin of Cyclones	Name
North Atlantic (including Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico)	Hurricanes
Eastern and Central North Pacific	Hurricanes
Western Northern Pacific	Typhoons
Arabian Sea/Northern Indian Ocean	Tropical Cyclones
South Indian Ocean	Tropical Cyclones
Australia	Willy-Willy

Major Plates in the World:

Name of the plates
North American (with western Atlantic floor separated from the South American plate along the Caribbean islands) plate
South American (with western Atlantic floor separated from the North American plate along the Caribbean islands) plate
Pacific plate
India-Australia-New Zealand plate
Africa with the eastern Atlantic floor plate
Eurasia and the adjacent oceanic plate.

Minor Plates:

Name of the plate	Located in
Cocos plate	Between Central America and Pacific plate
Nazca plate	Between South America and Pacific plate
Arabian plate	Mostly the Saudi Arabian landmass
Philippine plate	Between the Asiatic and Pacific plate
Caroline plate	Between the Philippine and Indian plate (North of New Guinea)
Fuji plate	North-east of Australia

Tides:

• The rise and fall of the ocean water at a particular place are called tides. 
• Interval between two high tides or low tides is exactly 12 hours 25 minutes. Tides are produced as a result of the gravitational pull of the moon and the Sun on the earth.
• The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada. The tidal bulge is 15 - 16 m.

Lunar day:

• Lunar day is equal to the period of one rotation of the earth on its axis with respect to the moon, or the duration of time between successive crossings of a meridian by the moon, about 24 hours 50 minutes.

Mesosphere:

• A layer of the atmosphere lying between the Stratosphere and the Ionosphere is known as Mesosphere. In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as the altitude increases. 
• The upper boundary of the mesosphere is the mesopause. 

Lithosphere:

• The rigid part of the earth’s crust that extends from a depth of about 65km (40 miles) below the surface is known as Lithosphere. It consists Sial, the Sima, and the upper Mantle. 
• Underneath it is ‘the softer, this layer known as the Asthenosphere. 

Archipelago:

• A group of islands is known as Archipelago. The name of World’s biggest Archipelago is Malay Archipelago.